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(more)learn Chinese grammar in 5 minutes every day
Chinese Grammar
Dec 02 • 2143 read
learn Chinese grammar in 5 minutes every day, persist for 2 months, your Chinese grammar level will reach HSK 3 to HSK 4.
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88 basic Chinese grammars for beginners
Learn 1 grammar point every day, after 2 months to complete these 88 points, you will have mastered the basic grammar knowledge of Chinese, which is about the level of HSK 3 to HSK 4.
These grammar points are written in the English way of thinking, and it will be very easy to understand these Chinese grammar points.
Word Order
- Basic word order
- Action and location: someone does something somewhere
- Action and time: when somebody does something
- Word order for expressing WHEN something happened
- Word order for duration of time: how long someone did something
- Placement of “why” in a question
Time Expression
- Expressing simultaneous actions
- To say “again”: zài 再 vs. yòu 又
- “After”/“later”: yǐhòu 以后 vs. ránhòu 然后
- Use of hòulái 后来 vs. ránhòu 然后
- “Last week, this week, next week” and “last month, this month, next month” follow the same pattern, with shàng 上 indicating “last . . . ,” zhè/zhèi 这 indicating “this . . . ,” and xià 下 indicating “next . . . ,”
Noun
- All (of some noun): dōu 都 vs. suǒyǒude 所有的
- Expressing the indefinites
- Location words
- Nouns for nationalities and languages
- not even one bit of something
- Plurals in Chinese
- This and that
- When counting things, measure-words must always be used between the number and the noun
Verbs
- Past tense
- Present tense
- Future tense
- Word “it” is usually implied by the verb
- Tā 它 can be used to refer to animals
- Tā 它 can be used for direct objects with the bǎ 把 pattern
- Going, coming, returning
- Bǎ 把 pattern with verbs
- Shì . . . de 是 . . . 的 pattern for past tense actions
- Different ways to express passive voice (“was . . . by . ..”)
Nearly Verbs
- “Afraid”: know the difference between “to be afraid,” hàipà 害怕, “to be afraid of . . . ,” pà 怕, and “to be afraid that . . . ,” kǒngpà 恐怕
- Difference between “to like” xǐhuān 喜欢 and “would like to” xiǎng 想
- Difference between “to think that . . . ,” xiǎng 想, and “to feel . . . ,” juéde 觉得
- “I don’t think that . . . ”: don’t even THINK about using bùxiǎng 不想
- “Produce”: The difference between shēng chǎn 生产, “to produce something concrete like coal, manufactured goods, etc.,” and chǎnshēng 产生, “to produce something abstract, some phenomenon, like dissatisfaction, unrest, etc.,”
- “Receive”: know the difference between the two characters pronounced shou in Chinese (shōu 收, shòu 受), both of which mean “receive,”
- Rude vs. refined: yào 要 vs. xiǎngyào 想要
- “To ask” depends on the meaning of “ask”: wèn 问 vs. qǐng 请 vs. jiào 叫
- “To be a . . . (profession, friend, etc.)”: differences between shì 是, dāng 当, and zuò 做
- “To help”: bāng 帮, bāngzhù 帮助, and bāngmáng 帮忙
- “To know”: zhīdao 知道 vs. rènshi 认识 vs. huì 会
- “To look like” and “to seem like”: xiàng 像 and hǎoxiàng 好像
- “To leave”: zǒu 走 vs. líkāi 离开 vs. liú 留
- “To lose”: diū 丢 vs. shīqù 失去 vs. shū 输 vs. mílù 迷路
- “To see”: kàn 看 vs. kànjiàn/kàndào 看见/看到 vs. kànchūlái 看出来 vs. jiàn 见 vs. jiànmiàn 见面 vs. jiàndào, 见到 vs. guānguāng 观光 vs. míngbái 明白
- “To take”: ná 拿 vs. dài 带 vs. zuò 坐 vs. xuǎn 选 vs. pāizhào 拍照
- “To tell” depends on the meaning of “tell”: shuō 说 vs. jiǎng 讲 vs. jiào 叫 vs. gàosu 告诉 vs. ràng 让
- “To want someone to be . . .”: xiǎngyào 想要 vs. xīwang 希望 vs. bìxū 必须
- “To want/would like (to do something)”: xiǎng 想 vs. yào 要 vs. xiǎngyào 想要
- “Worry”: the subtle differences between dānxīn 担心, cāoxīn 操心, fāchóu 发愁, and zhāojí 着急
Adjectives
- Adjectives
- “bad” depends on the meaning of “bad,”
- Use búcuò 不错, “not bad,” when you mean “quite good,”
- Different ways to say “nice,”
- Different ways to say “pretty” or “beautiful,” depending on the subject
- Comparisons: A bǐ 比 B
- Negative comparisons: A is not as [adjective] as B
Particle Le
- particle Le 了 is used after action verbs in the past tense
- particle Le 了is used after adjectives to express “change of status,” i.e. “became . . . ,”
- particle Le 了 is used after verbs to express “imminent action,” i.e., something just about to happen
- particle Le 了 is used with verbs or adjectives in the negative to express “not any more,”
Particle De
Conjunctions
Adverbs
- “actually” depends on usage
- “Almost” = chàbùduō 差不多 vs. chàyìdiǎn 差一点
- “Although”: suírán . . . , kěshi . . . 虽然 . . . , 可是 .. . means “although . . . , but . . . ,”
- cái 才:three ways to say “unless . . . ”; “only if . . .,”
- Difference between the two ways to say “first”: xiān 先 and shǒuxiān 首先
- “Every time”: měicì . . . de shíhou 每次 . . . 的时候 vs. měidāng/měiféng . . . de shíhou 每当/每逢 . . . 时候
- “From”: cóng 从 . . . dào 到 vs. lí 离
Subordinate Clauses
- Connecting sentences with “who”/“that,”
- “If . . . then . . .” is expressed in three levels of formality
- “As soon as . . . (then) . . .” = yī . . . jiù . . . 一 .. . 就 . . .
- “Even . . . (also) . . . ” = lián . . . , yě/dōu . . . 连. . . , 也/都 . . .
- “It doesn’t matter . . .” = wúlùn . . . dōu . . . 无论 .. . 都 . . .
- “Because . . . , so . . .” = yīnwei . . . , suǒyǐ . . . 因为. . . , 所以 . . .
- “Besides . . . ” = chúle . . . yǐwài 除了 . . . 以外
Helping Verbs
- duì 对 as a verb by itself means “to face.” Therefore, as a helping verb, it has the idea of “vis-à-vis” or “concerning/in regard to.” It can be translated as “toward(s),” “to,” “in,” “as far as,” “about,” etc.
- gěi 给, meaning “to give,” also functions as a helping verb
- gēn 跟 by itself means “to follow,” but as a helping verb, besides meaning “and,” most frequently gēn 跟 means “with,”
- yòng 用 by itself is a verb meaning “to use.” But as a helping verb, yòng 用 has the idea of “using. . . . ” It can be translated as “with” in the sense of “using something,”
- Use different translations of the preposition “for,” depending on the meaning
- Use tì 替 to express “for” in the sense of “substituting for”; “in place of,”
- Use wèi 为 to express “for (someone or something’s sake),”
Can
Letter Writing
ID: 353
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