Correct

多少 vs 几

/ duōshǎo vs jǐ /
Strokes

Formula

1
几千 (several thousand)

Definition

多少 and 几 both are Pronoun, which means [how many; how much], he two interrogative pronouns are often used in the inquiry of amount.

Example

多少 is applied to a bigger estimated amount (usually more than 10); 几 is applied to a smaller amount (usually less than 10).
In example ① the estimated number is bigger, while in example ② the number does not exceed 10.

几 must be followed by a measure word, but with 多少, a measure word is not compulsory.
1
Lái
le
duōshǎo
多少
rén
  
?

How many people present?

2
Lái
le
ge
rén
  
?

How many people present?

If one has no idea whether the number is big or small, it is better to use 多少.
3
Zhè
běn
shū
duōshǎo
多少
qián
  
?

How much does the book cost?

4
Jīntiān
今天
yǒu
duōshǎo
多少
rén
客人
  
?

How many guests are there today?

With 几, one can say 十几个, 几百, 几千, etc.
几千 (several thousand)
5
Shí
十几

between 10 and 20

6
bǎi
几百

several hundred

7
qiān
几千

several thousand

Moreover, 几 is more literary and often appears in the remnants of classical Chinese, etc.
8
Suǒshèng
所剩无几

very little is left

9
pān
fēng
风雨

repeated setbacks

多少 and 几 can also be used correspondingly to indicate an indefinite number in complex sentences.
10
zhu
记住
duōshǎo
多少
jiù
xiě
duōshǎo
多少
  

Write as much as you can memorize.

11
Yǒu
duōshǎo
多少
fángjiān
房间
  
,
jiù
jiēdài
接待
duōshǎo
多少
rén
  

You can admit as many guests as your hotel can hold.

12
néng
xiě
háng
jiù
xiě
háng
  
!

Write as many lines as you can.

13
yǒu
ge
qián
jiù
huā
ge
qián
  

He spent as much money as he has.

几 and 多少 can also indicate an uncertain number when used in a simple sentence.
没有几…… and 没有多少…… mean "to have very little or very few".
14
xiǎng
mǎi
běn
shū
  

I want to buy a few .

15
méi
ge
péngyou
朋友
  

He has few friends.

16
méi
duōshǎo
多少
péngyou
朋友
  

He has few friends.

17
kāichē
开车
méiyǒu
没有
duōshǎo
多少
shíjiān
时间
le
  

There wasn't much time left to get out of the car.

多少 can also be used to indicate numbers in an abstract sense; 几 cannot be used in this way.
18
méiyǒu
没有
duōshǎo
多少
huì
机会
gōng
xuǎn
选择
  

There are few chances for him to choose.

19
Zhè
jiàn
shì
huāfèi
花费
le
duōshǎo
多少
jīng
精力
ā
  
!

What efforts she has made!