What is the difference between the two words?

“让”表示让某人做某事，核心含义是“允许、要求、安排或希望对方去做”，语气相对中性，重点在于事情本身是否被安排或发生，而不强调说话的方式。例如，“妈妈让我一起去超市”通常理解为妈妈决定或安排我一起去，可能是征求意见，也可能是直接要求，但语气不强，偏向一种结果性的描述。

“叫”本义是“叫喊、呼唤”，在使役用法中表示通过说话、喊或通知的方式让别人去做某事，比“让”更强调“说了这件事”这一动作，语气更口语化，有时带一点直接或随意的感觉。例如，“妈妈叫我一起去超市”往往让人联想到妈妈当时对我说了这句话，可能是当面说、在房间里喊我，或通过声音把我叫过去。

在使用上，“让”更常见于书面语、叙述性表达或较为正式的语境，而“叫”更常见于口语和日常生活对话中。如果不确定用哪个，用“让”通常更安全、更中性；如果是在生活化的场景、对话中，“叫”会显得更自然。

因此，“妈妈让我一起去超市”和“妈妈叫我一起去超市”在意思上都成立，只是前者更偏“安排/要求”，后者更偏“开口说/招呼我去”。

You might wonder how to choose between "让 (ràng)" and "叫 (jiào)" in sentences like "妈妈让/叫我一起去超市" (Mom let/told me to go to the supermarket with her). Let’s clarify their key differences simply.

🟢1. Core Meaning & Tone
The biggest gap lies in their tone and implication.
"让 (ràng)" is neutral and mild. It means "let" or "allow", often expressing permission or a gentle request.
"叫 (jiào)" is stronger and more imperative. It’s closer to "tell" or "order", usually carrying a clear instruction.
Take your example: "妈妈让我一起去超市" sounds like Mom’s casual suggestion. "妈妈叫我一起去超市" feels like a firm demand you should follow.

🟢2. Register & Usage Scenarios
"让 (ràng)" is versatile. It works in both spoken daily chats and formal writing, no awkwardness at all.
"叫 (jiào)" is strictly colloquial. You’ll only hear it in informal settings—like talks with family or close friends. It’s not suitable for formal documents.

🟢3. Grammatical Rules
They have different constraints, especially in passive sentences.
Both "让" and "叫" need an "agent" (the one doing the action) after them. For example, "自行车让人偷走了" (The bike was stolen by someone) is correct, but "自行车叫偷走了" (missing "人") is wrong.
In serial verb sentences (like your example), both work. But "叫" still keeps its strong instructional tone.

🟢4. Emotional Connotations
"让 (ràng)" is usually neutral or positive. Phrases like "让您久等了" (Sorry to have kept you waiting) use it to show politeness.
"叫 (jiào)" may hint at negative feelings. "我叫孩子批评了" (I was criticized by the kid) often means the speaker feels annoyed or embarrassed.

🟢5. Unique Additional Functions
Each has special uses the other doesn’t.
"让" can mean concession: "他让着弟弟" (He gave in to his younger brother).
"叫" is used for naming: "他叫小明" (His name is Xiao Ming)—"让" can never do this.

🟢Quick Summary for Your Example
Mom makes a gentle suggestion → "妈妈让我一起去超市".
Mom gives a firm order → "妈妈叫我一起去超市".

我觉得叫是用来尊重别人，比如：我要老师来帮我解决问题的时候，我不能说：我让老师来帮我，应该说：我叫老师来帮我.
但是如果是我的朋友或者熟悉的人，我可以用“让”.

这两个都是对的，但略微有一点差异。
“妈妈让我一起去超市”通常用在“我问妈妈，我能和她一起去超市吗？”后面。
“妈妈叫我一起去超市”则没有前面这个情形。

不知道我是否解释明白了？

让我 is "allow me"; 叫我 is “tell me”

让我去超市通常是我请求，妈妈同意；叫我去超市是妈妈主动邀请我。