《说话》暨南大学出版社

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  Dec 20  •  153 read 
在哪里可以找到《说话》的纸质版? 我要找正版的。我我需要第二册和第七册。求帮忙。谢谢
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Learn Chinese with Lu #59 乔布斯于2005年在斯坦福大学的演讲全文 - Youtube小学《说话》课本电子版How to Express the Verb “Can” in Chinese (A Huge Can of Worms!) How to translate “can” depends on its meaning. To express “can”/“know how to,” use huì 会: I can/know how to speak Chinese. Wǒ huì shuō Hànyǔ. 我会说汉语。 I can/know how to play the piano. Wǒ huì tán gāngqín. 我会弹钢琴。 To express “can”/”able to” (physically), use néng 能: I’m very strong and can do mountain climbing. Wǒ hěn zhuàng, wǒ néng páshān. 我很壮，我能爬山。 I have a heart condition and can’t run. Wǒ yǒu xīnzàngbìng, bùnéng pǎo. 我有心脏病，不能跑。 THEREFORE: My little brother is eight months old. He can’t speak. Wǒ xiǎo dìdi bāge yuè, búhuì shuōhuà. 我小弟弟八个月，不会说话。 BUT: My little sister is a deaf-mute. She can’t speak. Wǒ mèimei shì lóngyǎ rén, tā bù néng shuōhuà. 我妹妹是聋哑人，她不能说话。 To express “can”/“may”/”are permitted to,” use kěyǐ 可以: We can/may/are permitted to speak Chinese in Chinese class; we may not speak English. Zài shàng Hànyǔ kè shí, wǒmen kěyǐ shuō Hànyǔ, bùkěyǐ shuō Yīngyǔ. 在上汉语课时，我们可以说汉语，不可以说英语。 Use resultative endings to express “can” and “can’t.” There are many verbs in Chinese that do not use huì 会 or néng 能 to express the ability to do something. Rather, according to what type of verb they are, many of them take a special resultative ending to express the idea of “can”/ “able to.” Below is a list of the most commonly used of these types of verbs: Verbs of Senses: -jiàn 见 or -dào 到 can see kàndejiàn or kàndedào 看得见 or 看得到 can’t see kànbujiàn or kànbudào 看不见 or 看不到 can hear tīngdejiàn or tīngdedào 听得见 or 听得到 can’t hear tīngbujiàn or tīngbudào 听不见 or 听不到 can smell wéndejiàn or wéndedào 闻得见 or 闻得到 can’t smell wénbujiàn or wénbudào 闻不见 or 闻不到 BUT: can taste ✔ CC: chángdedào 尝得到 ✖ BC: chángdejiàn 尝得见 can’t taste chángbudào 尝不到 AND: can touch/feel ✔ CC: mōdedào 摸得到 ✖ BC: mōdejiàn 摸得见 can’t touch/feel mōbudào 摸不到 To express “can or can’t understand by ____ing,” use - dǒng -懂: can understand (by reading) kàndedǒng 看得懂 can’t understand kànbudǒng 看不懂 can understand (by listening) tīngdedǒng 听得懂 can’t understand tīngbudǒng 听不懂 To express “___ clearly,” use -qīngchu 清楚: can see clearly kàndeqīngchu 看得清楚 can’t see clearly kànbuqīngchu 看不清楚 can hear clearly tīngdeqīngchu 听得清楚 can’t hear clearly tīngbuqīngchu 听不清楚 To express successful completion of an action, use -zháo 着 or -dào 到: can find zhǎodezháo or zhǎodedào 找得着 or 找得到 can’t find zhǎobuzháo or zhǎobudào 找不着 or 找不到 can buy mǎidezháo or mǎidedào 买得着 or 买得到 can’t buy (because not available) mǎibuzháo or mǎibudào 买不着 or 买不到 To express the ability to do something physical, use -liǎo 了: can carry nádeliǎo 拿得了 can’t carry nábuliǎo 拿不了 can say (physically able to say) shuōdeliǎo 说得了 can’t say shuōbuliǎo 说不了 To express “can afford to,” use -qǐ 起: can afford to buy mǎideqǐ 买得起 can’t afford to buy mǎibuqǐ 买不起 can afford to pay fùdeqǐ 付得起 can’t afford to pay fùbuqǐ 付不起 can afford to face someone (figuratively) duìdeqǐ 对得起 can’t afford to face someone (because you’ve done something shameful) duìbuqǐ 对不起 To express “can ___ up,” use -qǐlái 起来: can pick up nádeqǐlái 拿得起来 can’t pick up nábuqǐlái 拿不起来 can pull up lādeqǐlái 拉得起来 can’t pull up lābuqǐlái 拉不起来 can stand up zhàndeqǐlái 站得起来 can’t stand up zhànbuqǐlái 站不起来 To express “can ___ out,” use -chūlái 出来: can take out nádechūlái 拿得出来 can’t take out nábuchūlái 拿不出来 can speak out shuōdechūlái 说得出来 can’t speak out shuōbuchūlái 说不出来 To express “keep/remain ___ in,” use -zhù 住: can hold on to nádezhù 拿得住 can’t hold on to nábuzhù 拿不住 can keep standing zhàndezhù 站得住 can’t keep standing; zhànbuzhù 站不住 To express “can finish doing something,” use -wán 完: can finish doing something zuòdewán 做得完 can finish speaking/saying something shuōdewán 说得完 To negate all these, replace de 得 with bu 不, as in previous examples. To express “to ___ up(stairs),” use shànglái 上来 or shàngqu 上去: to walk up(stairs) [to where the speaker currently is] zǒushàng(lóu)lái 走上 (楼) 来 to walk up(stairs) [away from where the speaker is] zǒushàng(lóu)qù 走上 (楼) 去 to run up(stairs) [to where the speaker is] pǎoshàng(lóu)lái 跑上 (楼) 来 to run up(stairs) [away from where the speaker is] pǎoshàng (lóu) qù 跑上 (楼) 去 To express “to ____ down(stairs),” use xiàlái 下来 or xiàqu下去: to walk down(stairs) [to where the speaker is] zǒuxià (lóu) lái 走下 (楼) 来 to walk down(stairs) [away from the speaker] zǒuxià (lóu) qù 走下 (楼) 去“From”: cóng 从 . . . dào 到 vs. lí 离 To say from one place to another or from one time to another, use cóng 从 . . . dào 到 : from America to China cóng Měiguó dào Zhōngguó 从美国到中国 from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Cóng shàngwǔ jiǔdiǎn zhōng dào xiàwǔ wǔdiǎn zhōng. 从上午九点钟到下午五点钟 BUT, when talking about the distance between two places, “from” is lí 离： The movie theater isn’t far from the college. Diànyǐngyuàn lí dàxué bùyuǎn. 电影院离大学不远。 Beijing is 8,000 miles from Chicago. Běijīng lí Zhījiāgē yǒu bāqiān yīnglǐ. 北京离芝加哥有八千英里。 THEREFORE: My home is close to McDonald’s. Wǒ jiā lí Màidāngláo hěn jìn. 我家离麦当劳很近。 My home is far from McDonald’s. Wǒ jiā lí Màidāngláo hěn yuǎn. 我家离麦当劳很远。 BUT: I drive from home to McDonald’s. Wǒ kāichē cóng wǒ jiā dào Màidāngláo qù. 我开车从我家到麦当劳去。Helping Verbs (Prepositions in English) Gēn 跟 by itself means “to follow,” but as a helping verb, besides meaning “and”, most frequently gēn 跟 means “with” to speak with/to someone gēn . . . shuōhuà 跟 . . . 说话 to chat with someone gēn . . . tántán 跟 . . . 谈谈 to discuss with someone gēn . . . tǎolùn 跟 . . . 讨论 OR: gēn . . . shāngliang 跟 . . . 商量 to argue with someone gēn . . . zhēnglùn 跟 . . . 争论 to quarrel with someone gēn . . . chǎojià 跟 . . . 吵架 to have connections with someone gēn . . . yǒu guānxi 跟 . . . 有关系 BUT: to be angry with someone shēng (someone) de qì 生 . . . 的气 I’m angry with my friend. Wǒ shēng wǒ péngyou de qì. 我生我朋友的气。 I agree with you. ✔ CC: Wǒ tóngyì nǐde yìjian. 我同意你的意见。 ✔ CC: Wǒ tóngyì! 我同意。 ✖ BC: Wǒ gēn nǐ tóngyì. 我跟你同意。 AND: Gēn 跟 is used in many expressions where there is NO preposition in English: to marry someone gēn . . . jiéhūn 跟 . . . 结婚 Who is she marrying? Tā gēn shéi jiéhūn? 她跟谁结婚? Literally: With whom is she marrying? to divorce someone gēn . . . líhūn 跟 . . . 离婚 She divorced him last year. Tā qùnián gēn tā líhūn le. 她去年跟他离婚了。 Literally: She with him divorced . . . to greet someone gēn . . . dǎ zhāohu 跟 . . . 打招呼 That old gentleman just greeted me. Nèiwèi lǎo xiānsheng gānggāng gēn wǒ dǎle zhāohu. 那位老先生刚刚跟我打了招呼。一直 and 一向 Both 一直 (yīzhí) and 一向 (yīxiàng) mean something close to "all along," and deal with continuous actions. However, their uses are different, and they are a pair of words that are often confused (and tested on!). This article will try to clarify when you are supposed to use them. 一直 means "straight" or "constantly" and it has the sense of doing something continuously "since a certain time." This means that something may have occurred, and then 一直 can be used with the action or habit since that point. It's important to note that this point in time doesn't necessarily have to be in the past, so 一直 can be used to say something "will happen repeatedly" in the future. Examples 我 会 一直 陪着 你。 I will always be with you. 雨 一直 在下，我 没办法 出去。 It's constantly raining, I have no way to go out. 一直 往前 走，你 会 看到 地铁站 在你 右边。 Keep walking ahead, you will see the subway station on your right. 我看书的时候，他一直 在说话，很烦。 He kept talking while I was reading.It's so annoying. 他 毕业以后 一直 没有找到 真正 喜欢的 工作。 He hasn't found a job that he really enjoys since his graduation from his college. 一向 does not have the time constraint that 一直 has. Instead, it means that things have always been like they are. In this way, it is more like a habit. Furthermore, it is often used to express a habit or event that you don't like, and can also be used in conjunction with 不. Examples 他 一向 不 迟到 ，怎么 今天 还没 到 ？ He never comes late, how is it that he hasn't come yet today. 你知道 妈妈一向 不爱 出门，所以 她 是 不会 跟 我们 去 旅行 的。 You know mom has never liked going out, so she is not going on the trip with us. 她 这 个 人 一向 喜欢 炫耀，很 讨厌。 She has always liked showing off, she's horrible. 我 这个 朋友一向都 很 大方，今天 肯定 是 他 请客 。 This friend of mine is always very generous, so today he's definitely paying. However, 一向 also can’t affect words that indicate change (as this wouldn’t be a habit), nor can it talk about constant future actions. For both of these cases, 一直 should be used instead.The use of hòulái 后来 vs. ránhòu 然后 When you say that someone did something in the past and after that or later did something else, or that someone regularly did something in the past and after that or later did something else, use either hòulái 后来 or ránhòu 然后. Unlike yǐhòu 以后, neither can be used after the verb in the first clause, but must be placed at the beginning of the second clause. Mr. Wang taught Chinese in college for twenty years, and after that retired. ✔ CC: Wáng Xiānsheng zài dàxué jiāole èrshíniánde Hànyǔ, hòulái jiù tuìxiū le. 王先生在大学教了二十年的汉语，后来就退休了。 ✖ BC: Wáng Xiānsheng zài dàxué jiāole èrshíniánde Hànyǔ, ránhòu jiù tuìxiū le. 王先生在大学教了二十年的汉语，然后就退休了。 This is BC unless you mean that it logically follows that after teaching anything for twenty years, everyone retires — by law or custom, etc. They dated for over two years, and afterward, they got married. ✔ CC: Tāmen tánle liǎngniánduō de lián-ài, hòulái jiù jiéhūn le. 他们谈了两年多的恋爱，后来就结婚了。 ✖ BC: Tāmen tánle liǎngniánduō de lián-ài, ránhòu jiù jiéhūn le. 他们谈了两年多的恋爱，然后就结婚了。 This is BC unless you assume that dating always logically ends in marriage, which we know is painfully not the case! HOWEVER, just as when it’s used in the future tense, ránhòu 然后 cannot be used with a negative clause with the past tense either, since ránhòu 然后 always implies a logical the sequence of events. My father smoked for twenty years, but afterward, he didn’t smoke anymore. ✔ CC: Wǒ fùqin chōule èrshínián de yān, kěshì hòulái tā bùchōu le. 我父亲抽了二十年的烟，可是后来他不抽了。 ✖ BC: Wǒ fùqin chōule èrshínián de yān, kěshì ránhòu tā bùchōu le. 我父亲抽了二十年的烟，可是然后他不抽了。 Finally, no matter what the tense, you can always use yǐhòu 以后 after the verb in the first clause to mean “after” doing something or someone did, does, or will do something else: After she goes to class, she’ll go to work. Tā xià le kè yǐhòu jiù huì qù gōngzuò. 她下了课以后就会去工作。 Every evening after they watch TV, they go to bed. Tāmen měitiān wǎnshang kànle diànshì yǐhòu jiù shàngchuáng. 他们每天晚上看了电视以后就上床。 After she went to class, she went to work. Tā xiàle kè yǐhòu jiù qù gōngzuò le. 她下了课以后就去工作了。 Every evening after they watched TV, they went to bed. Tāmen měitiān wǎnshang kànle diànshì yǐhòu jiù shàngchuáng le. 他们每天晚上看了电视以后就上床了。 In NONE of the four examples above would you use ránhòu 然后 using the same sentence structure. After eating dinner, they want to go see a movie. ✔ CC: Chīle wǎnfàn yǐhòu, tāmen jiù yào qù kàn diànyǐng . 吃了晚饭以后，他们就要去看电影。 ✖ BC: Chīle wǎnfàn ránhòu, tāmen jiù yào qù kàn diànyǐng. 吃了晚饭然后，他们就要去看电影。What 请问大家上过看图说话的课程吗？I uploaded "看图说话 2", enjoy it. https://www.cchatty.com/pdf/1245Does 说话中国？