In the phrase "more than three years", "three years" is a unit and if it is more than this unit, we first say "三年" and then put “多” after it. In the phrase "more than 10, but less than 11 months", "ten months" is a unit and if it is more than this unit, like ten months and ten days, we first say "十个月" and then put “多” after it--十个月多。十多个月 means "more than 10, but less than 20 months". We first say "more than 10 and less than 20十多" and then "month月, and of course we need a measure word to link the number and the noun, so we have "十多个月".
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