的 has different uses:
-possessive (as previously mentioned)
ex) 她的裤子
-for emphasis after a verb
ex) 你吃的饼干!
-for emphasis at the end of a phrase
ex) very common to hear 好的 as in 'Okay then'
得 de:
-verb modifier (as previously mentioned)
ex) 你唱的很好
-to show possibility
ex) 那事做不得 (from pleco)
得 dei3:
-must/need/have to
ex) 我得洗手
得 de2:
this has many different meanings that I will not list but one example is:
-to obtain
ex) 得了流行性感冒
地 de:
basically just makes things into an adverb as mentioned
地 di4:
Earth, soil, ground
ex) 天地 Heaven and Earth /the world
(more)