How do you differ these words 话 言 语?

话可以是名词也可以是动词，比如你说的话和请说话，或者如名词:童话，普通话等。言语可以成为一个词，比如他不怎么言语，表示那个人比较在某个场合比较沉默 言常用于书面用语，比如食不言寝不语，简言慎行等等，多出现在成语，谚语里面。语字多为动词形式呈现，比如语言，语法，俄罗斯语，英语，汉语等

These three words are related to one another either with the shape or the meaning, but you can distinguish them in some way.

"言”is “indicative character”. On the bottom, there is "舌”，which means "tongue". You can imagine that the words come out of the tongue. On the other hand, "言“ is also a basic structural part in Chinese characters. We call it "言字旁". It's simply written as “讠” on the left of a word, such as “话” and “语”.

“话” is "pictophmetic characters", which is the unify of combination of form and meaning. “讠” is "言“ which means "words or speak", and "舌” means "tongue", you can find some phrases like “讲话”, “会话” and "两句话”.

“语” is also "pictophmetic characters". It consists of "言” and “吾”. This word can work as a noun which means "words ", such as "汉语，外语 and 语音". It can also work as a verb which means "speak", such as “低语” ,“不言不语” and “默默不语”.

You can also use these three words to make different phrases, such as “话语” and “言语”. They are combined with different words but have the same meaning "words".

Does it make any sense to you? It's just my understanding of these three words. I hope it can help you with something. Have a good day!

”这三个字在字形上有关联，意思有重叠的部分，但却可以区分。其中“言”是指事字，下面是“舌”字，下面一横表示言从舌出；言可以做偏旁，位于字的左边，简化为 “讠”，叫做"言字旁"，表示与言语行为有关的事物，比如这里提到的“话”“语”，左边就是"言字旁"。“话”是形声字，从言，舌声，主要表示 说出来的能够表达思想的声音，也指把这种声音记录下来的文字，比如讲话，会话，两句话。“语”也是形声字，从言，吾声，可以表示“话”，比如汉语，外语，语音；也可以表示“说”，比如低语，不言不语，默默不语。这三个字还可以组成词语，比如话语和言语，它们的意思相同，都表示“说的话”。

言, a word or a sentence; it's basically speaking, it's not emotional, it's just making sounds;
n, speech, word, character;
v, say, talk, speak; emphasis on speaking;

语, a unit composed of two or more words and sentences;
n, language;
v, speak, say, tell; emphasize the content of the speech;

话, a spoken sound that expresses a thought;
n, word, talk;
v, talk about, speak about

Common uses:
话: 1）n. what do we want to express 说话，讲话，一句话 2) verb, to talk 话别，话家常
言 1） n. =话 语言 方言 2)verb, to talk 言之有理
语 1）language 英语/美语/汉语/日语.....