Correct
因此 vs 因而 vs 所以
/ yīncǐ vs yīnér vs suǒyǐ /
Strokes
Formula
1
因为……所以
2
由于……所以（因此）（因而）
3
是……（之）所以……的原因
4
（之）所以……（是）因为（由于）……
Definition
因此, 因而 and 所以 are all Conjunctions used to introduce result, which means “therefore; hence; thus, so; as a result”.
Example
因此 means "because of this"; it is used at the beginning of the second clause, or between sentences or pangaphs, to introduce the result and there is often a pause after it. What goes before it may be reasons introduced by 由于, but not by 因为.
因此 can also be placed before the predicate of the second clause, e.g. ⑤ ⑥.
1
Yóuyú
由于
liánrì
连日
dàyǔ
大雨
,
yīncǐ
因此
(
yīnér
因而
)
héshuǐ
河水
měngzhǎng
猛涨
。
The river is swollen roughly because of the contimuous rain.
2
Tā
他
gànshénme
干什么
shì
事
dōu
都
bù
不
néng
能
jiānchí
坚持
dàodǐ
到底
,
yīncǐ
因此
,
shíjǐ
十几
nián
年
lái
来
,
gōngzuò
工作
shàng
上
méishénme
没什么
chéng
成
jì
績
。
He achiered nothing in his work for decades because he cannot keep on anything.
3
Qiánshuǐ
潜水
bùjǐn
不仅
xūyào
需要
jiào
较
gāo
高
de
的
jìshù
技术
,
háiyào
还要
yǒu
有
yǒngqì
勇气
hé
和
jiùlì
救力
cái
才
háng
行
。
Yīncǐ
因此
,
xiàng
像
wǒ
我
zhèyàng
这样
dǎnxiǎo
胆小
de
的
rén
人
shì
是
bù
不
néng
能
xué
学
qiánshuǐ
潜水
de
的
。
Diving needs higher skills. counge and fortitude; therefore, it's imposible for me, a cowad,to leam diving.
4
Tā
他
cóngxiǎo
从小
jiù
就
xǐhuan
喜欢
yīnyuè
音乐
,
érqiě
而且
yǒu
有
yīdìng
一定
de
的
jīchǔ
基础
,
yīnggāi
应该
dédào
得到
hěn
很
hǎo
好
de
的
péiyǎng
培养
。
Yīncǐ
因此
,
wǒ
我
yīzhí
一直
gǔlì
鼓励
tā
他
bàokǎo
报考
yīnyuè
音乐
xuéyuàn
学院
。
He likes music since his childhood, and he has some basic musical knowledge, so he should be cultivated well. Thus I encourage him to attend the conservatory of music.
5
Tā
他
de
的
huà
话
yǐndé
引得
dàjiā
大家
dōu
都
xiào
笑
le
了
,
shìnèi
室内
de
的
qìfēn
气氛
yīncǐ
因此
(
yīnér
因而
)
qīngsōng
轻松
le
了
hěnduō
很多
。
What he said made everyone laugh, and consequently the atmosphere in the room lightened up a lot.
6
Jīnrì
今日
qīngchén
清晨
yǒu
有
dàwù
大雾
,
jiāotōng
交通
yě
也
yīncǐ
因此
(
yīnér
因而
)
shòudào
受到
le
了
yǐngxiǎng
影响
。
The traffic was influenced by the morning's heavey fog.
因而 is basically the same as 因此. It connects two clauses of a complex sentence, but not sentences or paragraphs, and there is no pause after it. The first clause can have 由于 to correspond with it, but not 因为.
In the examples ① ⑤ ⑥ above, 因而 can replace 因此, but not in other examples.
In the following 3 examples, 因此 can replace 因而. Though 因此 and 因而 can be used interchangeably the stresses are different. 因此 often stresses the result, while 因而 often stresses the sense of inference expressing the former is the prerequisite of the latter.
In the following 3 examples, 因此 can replace 因而. Though 因此 and 因而 can be used interchangeably the stresses are different. 因此 often stresses the result, while 因而 often stresses the sense of inference expressing the former is the prerequisite of the latter.
7
Tā
他
píngshí
平时
jīngcháng
经常
cānyù
参与
qúnzhòng
群众
huódòng
活动
,
yīnér
因而
(
yīncǐ
因此
)
zuì
最
liǎojiě
了解
qúnzhòng
群众
de
的
yìjiàn
意见
hé
和
yāoqiú
要求
。
He usually keeps in close touch with the mass and pays attention to their views, thus he knows their proposals, and hopes most.
8
Yóuyú
由于
zhèzhǒng
这种
bìng
病
zǎoqī
早期
de
的
zhèngzhuàng
症状
bù
不
tài
太
míngxiǎn
明显
,
yīnér
因而
(
yīncǐ
因此
)
wǎngwǎng
往往
bèi
被
rén
人
hūshì
忽视
。
The disease is ually negleeted because its early symptom is not noticeable.
9
Tā
他
yǒu
有
liǎng
两
gè
个
xīngqī
星期
de
的
jiàqī
假期
,
yīnér
因而
(
yīncǐ
因此
)
kěyǐ
可以
hǎohǎo
好好
de
地
xiūxi
休息
xiūxi
休息
。
He has two weeks off, so he can take a good rest.
所以 is used at the beginning of the second clause of a complex sentence to introduce the result.
因为 is often used in the first clause to introduce the reason, and this is how it is different from 因此 and 因而 Besides, both the cause and the result can be placed after the same subject.
In example ⑪, 因此 or 因而 can be used instead, but it would sound more formal than with 所以.
In example ⑪, 因此 or 因而 can be used instead, but it would sound more formal than with 所以.
因为……所以
由于……所以（因此）（因而）
10
Wǒ
我
yīnwèi
因为
bìng
病
le
了
,
suǒyǐ
所以
jīntiān
今天
méi
没
qù
去
shàngbān
上班
。
I didn't go to work today for I'm not feeling well.
11
Yóuyú
由于
gōngzuò
工作
dìdiǎn
地点
líjiā
离家
hěn
很
yuǎn
远
,
suǒyǐ
所以
(
yīncǐ
因此
)
(
yīnér
因而
)
tā
他
zhīyǒu
只有
xiūxirì
休息日
cái
才
huíjiā
回家
。
He worked far away from his home, so it was only on holidays that he could go home.
12
Tā
他
yīnwèi
因为
cóngxiǎo
从小
shēnghuó
生活
yōuyù
优裕
,
suǒyǐ
所以
quēfá
缺乏
chīkǔnàiláo
吃苦耐劳
de
的
jīngshén
精神
。
He lacks industriousness owing to his early rich life.
Sometimes, to highlight the point that the first clause is the cause of a certain result, 因为 or 由于 in the first clause may be omitted, and the second clause is put in the pattern 是……（之）所以……的原因.
因此 nor 因而 has such a usage.
是……（之）所以……的原因
13
Míngquè
明确
de
的
mùbiāo
目标
hé
和
zhèngquè
正确
de
的
lǐlùn
理论
zhǐdǎo
指导
,
shì
是
tā
他
de
的
shìyè
事业
(
zhī
之
)
suǒyǐ
所以
néng
能
qǔdé
取得
chénggōng
成功
de
的
zhòngyào
重要
yuányīn
原因
。
The important point of his career success is that he has clear goal and right theory to guide him.
14
Nèiróng
内容
tiējìn
贴近
shēnghuó
生活
,
zhēnshí
真实
fǎnyìng
反映
mínzhòng
民众
de
的
xǐ
喜
、
nù
怒
、
āi
哀
、
lè
乐
,
shì
是
zhèbù
这部
xiǎoshuō
小说
(
zhī
之
)
suǒyǐ
所以
shòudào
受到
dúzhě
读者
huānyíng
欢迎
de
的
yuányīn
原因
。
The reason why the novel is popular is that it is close to reality, and represents the public's emotions such as pleasure, anger, sorrow, and joy.
In order to highlight the cause or reason,（之）所以…… is often used in the first clause to show the result, and（是）因为（由于）…… is used in the second clause to indicate the cause or reason.
因此 nor 因而 has such a usage.
（之）所以……（是）因为（由于）……
15
Zhèzhǒng
这种
diànbīngxiāng
电冰箱
(
zhī
之
)
suǒyǐ
所以
chàngxiāo
畅销
quánguó
全国
,
(
shì
是
)
yīnwèi
因为
tā
它
de
的
jiàqian
价钱
hélǐ
合理
,
érqiě
而且
zhìliàng
质量
yǒu
有
bǎozhèng
保证
。
The reason why the refrigerator sells well is that its price is reasonable and its quality is assured.
16
Tā
他
(
zhī
之
)
suǒyǐ
所以
néng
能
zhèyàng
这样
kuài
快
dì
地
bǎ
把
qǐyè
企业
fāzhǎn
发展
qǐlai
起来
,
chúle
除了
qínfèn
勤奋
wài
外
,
zhǔyào
主要
(
shì
是
)
yóuyú
由于
xìnxī
信息
língtōng
灵通
。
The reason why his business develops so quickly is that he is well informed besides his industriousness.
17
Wáng
王
dàifu
大夫
(
zhī
之
)
suǒyǐ
所以
yào
要
dào
到
biānyuǎn
边远
dìqū
地区
gōngzuò
工作
,
shì
是
yīnwèi
因为
nàli
那里
gēng
更
xūyào
需要
yīshēng
医生
。
The reason why Dr. Wang went to work in the rural region is that the region needs doctors much badly.
所以 sometimes can be used by itself to indicate that this is the reason and is usually said as 所以呀, which is colloquial.
因此 nor 因而 has such a usage.
18
Zhège
这个
shíjiān
时间
chūmén
出门
cháng
常
yùdào
遇到
sāichē
塞车
。
Suǒyǐ
所以
ya
呀
!
Wǒ
我
zǒngshì
总是
yào
要
tíqián
提前
chūlái
出来
。
If you drive out at this time, you will be in a traffic jam. Therefor, I usually start ahead of this time.
19
Zhèzhǒng
这种
bù
布
hěn
很
bó
薄
,
yánsè
颜色
yě
也
bǐjiào
比较
jiān
浅
。
Suǒyǐ
所以
ya
呀
!
Zuò
做
xiàtiān
夏天
de
的
yīfu
衣服
zhēng
正
héshì
合适
。
This cloth is very thin and its color is very light. So it is suitable for summer clothes.