HSK 5
Correct

趋向补语

/ qūxiàng bǔyǔ /
Strokes
https://i.cchatty2.com/filters:format(webp)/fit-in/684x0/img/202202/趋向补语-Chinese-grammar-Cchatty-a7a791d4-7004-4239-9792-31c379dcf226-1644629324.jpg

Formula

1
Verb + 来/去
2
Verb + 上/下/进/出/回/过/起
3
Verb + 上/下/进/出/回/过/起 + 来/去
4
Verb + 起来
5
Verb/Adjective + 下去
6
Verb + 出来
7
Verb + 过来
8
Verb + 上去

Definition

Complement of Direction (趋向补语), a complement that indicates the development trend or direction of an action or behavior.

 

1, Simple complement of direction (简单趋向补语):  

Verbs like 来, 去, 上, 下, 进, 出, 回, 过 and 起, when used after some verbs, indicate the direction of an action. Such a component is the simple complement of direction.

 

2, Compound complement of direction (复合趋向补语):

When verbs such as 上, 下, 进, 出, 回, 过 and 起 is followed by 来 or 去 to indicate the direction of an act, this complement is called a compound complement of direction.  

Some common ones are listed below:

Complement of Direction (趋向补语) - Chinese Grammar - Cchatty
Directional Verbs

 

3, Extensions usage of the complement of direction

The complement of direction can be placed after the verb or adjective to indicate direction as well as other meanings. The detailed explanation about the 7 Directional Verbs (趋向动词), there are 起来, 下来, 下去, 出来, 过来, 上来 and 上去.

Example

Simple complement of direction - 来 is used when the act proceeds towards the speaker or the referred thing. 去 is used in the opposite case.
In the below sentence, 信 proceeds toward the speaker 我 so 来 is placed after the verb instead of 去.
Verb + 来/去
1
ba
爸爸
gěi
lái
le
fēng
xìn
  

My father sent me a letter.

Simple complement of direction - If a verb with a simple complement of direction takes an object that denotes a place, the object is placed after the verb and before the complement.
他回去宿舍了。(NOK)
2
huí
shè
宿舍
le
  

He went back to the dormitory.

Simple complement of direction - 了 can not be used after a verb taking a simple complement of direction but should be used at the end of the sentence.
他回了宿舍去。(NOK)
3
huí
shè
宿舍
le
  

He went back to the dormitory.

Simple complement of direction - If a verb with a simple complement of direction takes an object that denotes normal things, the object can be placed either between the verb and the complement or after them. 了 can be placed after the verb and the compleme
4
gěi
dàilái
带来
le
běn
shū
  

I brought you a book.

Simple complement of direction - Verb + 上/下/进/出/回/过/起
Verb + 上/下/进/出/回/过/起
5
diànhuà
电话
  

He picked up the phone.

Compound complement of direction - If the object is a word or phrase that denotes a place, it is placed before 来 or 去, the pattern is Verb + 上/下/进/出/回/过/起 + Locative object + 来/去
Verb + 上/下/进/出/回/过/起 + 来/去 Verb + 起来
Compoundcomplementofdirection-993340ed-6fcb-49f0-a423-c08ab1de5c26-1609998917
6
Háizi
孩子
pǎo
jìn
fángjiān
房间
le
  

The child ran into the room.

Compound complement of direction - If a verb takes a locative object, 了 can only be placed at the end of the sentence
老师走进来教室了。(NOK)


7
Lǎoshī
老师
zǒujìn
走进
jiàoshì
教室
lái
le
  

The teacher walks into the classroom.

Compound complement of direction - 了 can not be placed between the verb and 上/下/进/出/回/过/起
老师走了进教室来。(NOK)
8
Lǎoshī
老师
zǒujìn
走进
jiàoshì
教室
lái
le
  

The teacher walks into the classroom.

Compound complement of direction - If the object is a common thing, the object can either be placed before 来 or 去 or after them



9
ma
妈妈
mǎi
huílái
回来
hěnduō
很多
shuǐguǒ
水果
  

Mother bought a lot of fruit.

10
ma
妈妈
mǎi
huí
hěnduō
很多
shuǐguǒ
水果
lái
  

Mother bought a lot of fruit.

Compound complement of direction - If the verb does not take an object, 了 can be placed either after the verb or at the end of the sentence.
公共汽车开了过来。(ALSO OK)


11
Gōnggòng
公共
chē
汽车
kāi
guòlái
过来
le
  

The bus is coming.

起来 - Indicating the beginning and continuation of an action or state.
1) If the predicate verb goes with an object, the object should be placed between 起 and 来. 听到音乐, 她唱起歌来。
2) Adjective + 起来, mostly carries positive connotations.
12
xiào
le
lai
起来
  

He laughed.

13
Chūntiān
春天
dào
liǎo
  
,
tiān
天气
nuǎnhuo
暖和
lai
起来
  

Spring is coming and the weather is warm.

起来 - Indicating concentration from scattering.
The common verbs include 收拾, 存, 包, 捆, 扎, 装, etc.

14
玛丽
dōng
东西
shōushi
收拾
lai
起来
  

Mary packed up her things.

15
玛丽
shū
dōu
kǔn
lai
起来
le
  

Mary tied up all the books.

起来 - Indicating the estimation and evaluation of an aspect.
1) The common verbs include 看, 做, 说, 听, 吃, 用, 穿, etc
2) The object should be placed between 起 and 来.
16
chàng
de
zěnmeyàng
怎么样
  
?
chàng
lái
  
,
xiàng
xiǎoniǎo
小鸟
yàng
一样
hǎotīng
好听
  

How's she singing? She sang, as good as a bird.

17
dāng
lǎoshī
老师
duō
cháng
shíjiān
时间
le
  
?
Suàn
lai
起来
  
,
zuò
lǎoshī
老师
jīng
已经
sānshí
三十
nián
le
  

How long have you been a teacher? Come on, I've been a teacher for thirty years.

起来 - Indicating the result of recalling.
The common verbs include 想, 记, 回忆, 想起, etc
18
xiǎng
想起
liǎo
liǎo
  
,
yàoshi
钥匙
zài
shūbāo
书包
  

I remembered, the key is in the bag.

19
lái
起来
le
  
,
shì
shàng
上次
gěi
zhǐ
de
rén
  

I remember, you were the last time you showed me the way.

下来 - Indicating stepping down from a high level to a low level.
20
Zuò
作业
jīntiān
今天
jiù
xiàlai
下来
le
  

The homework was sent out today.

21
Jiāngjūn
将军
de
mìnglìng
命令
chuán
传达
xiàlai
下来
le
  

The general had to pass the order down.

下来 - Indicating that something is fixed or kept in a place.
22
Tóngxué
同学
men
lǎoshī
老师
de
huà
xiàlai
下来
  

The students wrote down the teacher's words.

23
Tài
měi
le
  
,
yào
huà
xiàlai
下来
  

It's so beautiful, I'm going to draw it down.

下来 - Indicating the continuation of action from the past to the present, not easy but completed.
下去 is used to indicate the continuation of action from the present to the future.
The verbs commonly used include 坚持, 话, 保存, 学, 跑, etc.
24
wàn
一万
  
,
wèi
大卫
pǎo
xiàlai
下来
le
  

Ten thousand meters, David ran down.

25
Sān
nián
le
  
,
wèi
大卫
zhōng
终于
xué
xiàlai
下来
le
  
hěn
huan
喜欢
hàn
汉语
  
,
háiyào
还要
xué
xià
下去
  

Three years on, David has finally learned. He likes Chinese very much, and he has to learn it.

下来 - Indicating an action or state's gradual change of degree from dynamic to static, from light to dark, and from strong to week and also emphasizing the beginning and continuation of the change.
26
Bàn
xiǎoshí
小时
hòu
  
,
píngjìng
平静
le
xiàlai
下来
  

Half an hour later, she calmed down.

27
Jīngguò
经过
努力
  
,
zhōng
终于
shòu
xiàlai
下来
le
  

After hard work, he finally lost weight.

下去 - Indicating the continuation of an action or a state that has started.
The verb commonly used include 说, 讲, 学, 读, 传, 坚持, etc.
Verb/Adjective + 下去
28
wèi
大卫
dòu
le
第一
duàn
  
,
玛丽
  
,
qǐng
dòu
xià
下去
  

David read the first paragraph, Mary.

29
wèi
大卫
jīng
已经
pǎo
le
qiān
五千
  
,
háiyào
还要
pǎo
xià
下去
  

David has run five thousand meters, and he has to run on.

下去 - Adjective + 下去 usually carries negative connotations.
30
guǒ
如果
tiān
zài
hēi
xià
下去
jiù
kàn
bu
jiàn
le
  

If it goes dark again, you can't see the way.

31
Biè
zài
jiǎnféi
减肥
le
  
,
guǒ
如果
zài
shòu
xià
下去
jiù
wēixiǎn
危险
le
  

Don't lose weight, you'll be in danger if you lose weight again.

出来 - Indicating that action causes something to happen or result from nothing.
想起来 indicates what was experienced but is forgotten; 想出来 indicates new ideas.
The verbs commonly used include 读, 写, 画, 算, etc.
Verb + 出来
32
wèi
大卫
xiǎng
chūlái
出来
hǎo
好几
hǎo
zhǔyi
主意
  

David came up with several good ideas.

33
Zhè
dào
shùxué
数学题
suàn
chūlái
出来
le
  

She worked out the math problem.

出来 - Indicating to identify or distinguish people or things from concealment to exposure by actions.
Notes: If there is an object, it should be placed between 出 and 来。
eg, 在人群中我认出小王来了。
34
玛丽
tīng
chūlái
出来
le
  
,
zhè
shì
jié
杰克
de
  

Mary heard it, It's Jack's song.

35
kàn
chūlái
出来
le
  
,
shì
jiějie
姐姐
  
,
shì
mèimei
妹妹
  

I can see, you're a sister, she's a sister.

过来 - Indicating the change of a situation.
Verb + 过来
36
Zhè
běn
xiǎoshuō
小说
jīng
已经
fān
翻译
guòlái
过来
le
  

The novel has been translated.

37
men
他们
de
màozi
帽子
huàn
guòlái
过来
le
  

They changed their hats.

过来 - The form of potential complement is usually used to indicate the disability of doing something.
The verbs commonly used include 吃, 用, 玩, 看, 干, 管, 教, 背, 念, 算, 复习, 照顾, 招待, etc.
38
Háizi
孩子
tài
duō
le
  
,
ma
妈妈
rén
zhàogu
照顾
guòlái
过来
  

There are so many children that my mother can't take care of them by herselves.

39
Zhème
这么
duō
cài
  
,
chī
guòlái
过来
ā
  

With so many dishes, I can't eat them.

过来 - Indicating returning to the original or normal state and mostly carrying positive connotations.
The verbs commonly used include 改, 救, 醒, 恢复, 休息, 明白, etc.
40
wèi
大卫
zhège
这个
cuò
错字
gǎi
guòlái
过来
le
  

David changed the typo.

41
Jīngguò
经过
shēng
医生
de
qiǎngjiù
抢救
  
,
玛丽
zhōng
终于
xǐng
guòlái
过来
le
  

After the doctor's rescue, Mary finally woke up.

上来 - Indicating approaching something from far to near.
42
wèi
大卫
kàndào
看到
玛丽
mànmàn
慢慢
gēn
shànglái
上来
le
  

David saw Mary slowly keep up.

43
Kànjiàn
看见
  
,
zhǔrén
主人
yíng
le
shànglái
上来
  

Seeing me, the master came up.

上来 - Indicating the ability to do something.
44
Lǎoshī
老师
de
wèn
问题
huí
回答
shànglái
上来
le
  

The teacher's question came up to him.

45
Zhè
běn
shū
de
nèiróng
内容
  
,
háizi
孩子
shuō
shànglái
上来
le
  

The contents of this book, the child said.

上去 - Indicating approaching something from far to near or increasing.
Compared with Verb + 上来, Verb + 上去 can also be used in the example of 看见我, 主人迎上去。In the sentence, the point of view is changed and it is said from 主人 (the host's) point of view.
Verb + 上去
46
zhè
liǎng
tiáo
jiàn
意见
jiāshàng
加上
  

I'll add these two comments.