HSK 2 HSK C1/W1/V1/V2
Correct
过
/ guò /
Strokes
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Formula
1
Subject + Predicate (verb) + 过 +（Object）
2
Subject + 没（有）+ Predicate verb + 过 + （Object）
3
Subject + Predicate verb + 过 + （Object）+ 吗？
4
Subject + Predicate verb + 过 + （Object）+ 没有？
5
Subject + Predicate verb +（过） + Predicate verb + 过+（Object）？
6
Subject + Adverb (曾经) + Predicate verb + 过（guo）+ (Object)
7
Subject + verb1 + (object) + verb2 + 过 + (object)
8
Subject + predicate verb + 过（guo）+ complement of frequency + (Object)
9
Subject + predicate verb + 过（guo）+ Place + complement of frequency
10
Subject + predicate verb + 过（guo）+ complement of frequency+ place
11
Subject + predicate verb + 过（guo）+ personal pronoun + complement of frequency
Definition
过 as an aspectual particle usually used to indicate experiences ever having, these actions or behaviors do not last until now.
Example
Affirmative form
The object should be placed after the "predicate verb + 过" phrase.
Subject + Predicate (verb) + 过 +（Object）
1
Tā
他
qù
去
guò
过
chángchéng
长城
.
He has been to the Great Wall .
2
Wǒ
我
xué
学
guò
过
hànyǔ
汉语
。
I have studied Chinese.
3
Dàwèi
大卫
chī
吃
guò
过
běijīng
北京
kǎoyā
烤鸭
。
David has eaten Peking duck.
Negative form
The negative form for action as past experience is made by placing the adverb 没 before the predicate verb.
Subject + 没（有）+ Predicate verb + 过 + （Object）
4
Tā
他
méi
没
qù
去
guò
过
chángchéng
长城
。
He has never been to the Great Wall.
5
Wǒ
我
méi
没
xué
学
guò
过
hànyǔ
汉语
。
I have never learned Chinese.
6
Dàwèi
大卫
méi
没
chī
吃
guò
过
běijīng
北京
kǎoyā
烤鸭
。
David has never eaten Peking duck.
Asking about an action as past experience and ways to answer
1. 吗 is added to the end of a declarative sentence with the aspectual particle 过.
2. 没有 is added to the end of a declarative sentence with the aspectual particle 过.
3. Parallel the affirmative and the negative forms of the "predicate verb + 过" phase.
4. The negative answer can be made by using 没有 only.
2. 没有 is added to the end of a declarative sentence with the aspectual particle 过.
3. Parallel the affirmative and the negative forms of the "predicate verb + 过" phase.
4. The negative answer can be made by using 没有 only.
Subject + Predicate verb + 过 + （Object）+ 吗？
Subject + Predicate verb + 过 + （Object）+ 没有？
Subject + Predicate verb +（过） + Predicate verb + 过+（Object）？
7
A
A
:
nǐ
你
chī
吃
guò
过
zhèzhǒng
这种
shuǐguǒ
水果
ma
吗
?
B
B
:
méiyǒu
没有
。
(
wǒ
我
méi
没
chī
吃
guò
过
。
)
A: Have you tried this fruit? B: No. (I haven't eaten it.)
8
A
A
:
nǐ
你
jiàn
见
guò
过
zhège
这个
rén
人
méiyǒu
没有
?
B
B
:
méiyǒu
没有
。
(
wǒ
我
méi
没
jiàn
见
guò
过
。
)
A: Have you met the man? B: No. (I haven't seen.)
9
A
A
:
nǐ
你
kàn
看
(
guò
过
)
méi
没
kàn
看
guò
过
nàge
那个
diànyǐng
电影
?
B
B
:
méiyǒu
没有
。
(
wǒ
我
méi
没
kàn
看
guò
过
。
)
A: Have you seen the film? B: No. (I haven't seen it.)
Adverb (曾经 ) + Predicate verb + 过（guo）
Besides 过, the adverb 曾经 can be used before the predicate verb.
Subject + Adverb (曾经) + Predicate verb + 过（guo）+ (Object)
10
Tā
他
céngjīng
曾经
yǎn
演
guò
过
zájì
杂技
。
He used to do acrobatics.
11
Wǒ
我
céngjīng
曾经
dāng
当
guò
过
lǎoshī
老师
。
I used to be a teacher.
12
Tāmen
他们
céngjīng
曾经
qù
去
guò
过
fēizhōu
非洲
。
They have been to Africa.
the position of the aspect particle 过, in a sentence with serial verbs
in a sentence with serial verbs, 过 should be used after the second verb
Subject + verb1 + (object) + verb2 + 过 + (object)
13
Nǐmen
你们
qù
去
xuéxiào
学校
de
的
yóuyǒngguǎn
游泳馆
yóu
游
guò
过
yǒng
泳
ma
吗
?
Have you ever swum in the school natatorium?
14
Wǒ
我
qù
去
nàr
那儿
yóu
游
guò
过
yǒng
泳
。
I went there for a swim.
15
Wǒ
我
méi
没
qù
去
nàr
那儿
yóu
游
guò
过
yǒng
泳
。
I never swam there.
Predicate verb + 过（guo）+ complement of frequency
The verb with the aspect particle 过 can be used with the complement of frequency
Subject + predicate verb + 过（guo）+ complement of frequency + (Object)
Subject + predicate verb + 过（guo）+ Place + complement of frequency
Subject + predicate verb + 过（guo）+ complement of frequency+ place
Subject + predicate verb + 过（guo）+ personal pronoun + complement of frequency
16
Wǒ
我
chī
吃
guò
过
yī
一
cì
次
kǎoyā
烤鸭
。
I had roast duck once.
17
Tā
他
kàn
看
guò
过
yī
一
huí
回
jīngjù
京剧
。
He saw the Beijing Opera once.
18
Wǒ
我
qù
去
guò
过
chángchéng
长城
sān
三
cì
次
。
I have been to the Great Wall three times.
19
Wǒ
我
qù
去
guò
过
hǎojǐ
好几
cì
次
zhǎngchéng
长城
。
I have been to the Great Wall several times.
20
Wǒ
我
lái
来
zhōngguó
中国
yǐqián
以前
,
zhī
只
kàn
看
guò
过
yī
一
huí
回
zhōngguó
中国
diànyǐng
电影
。
Before I came to China, I had only seen a Chinese film once.
21
Jīntiān
今天
tā
他
zhǎo
找
guò
过
nǐ
你
liǎng
两
cì
次
。
He called on you twice today.
22
Shànggèyuè
上个月
wǒ
我
jiàn
见
guò
过
tā
他
yīmiàn
一面
。
I met him once last month.
Features of the adverbial adjunct in a sentence using the aspectual particle 过.
1. The time referred to by the adverbial adjunct must be definite.
2. The negative adverb 没(有) is normally placed before the prepositional phrase if there is one in a negative sentence used as an adverbial adjunct.
2. The negative adverb 没(有) is normally placed before the prepositional phrase if there is one in a negative sentence used as an adverbial adjunct.
23
Zǎoshang
早上
wǒ
我
zài
在
cāochǎng
操场
pǎo
跑
guò
过
bù
步
。
I ran in the playground this morning.
24
Qùnián
去年
wǒmen
我们
cānguān
参观
guò
过
Gùgōng
故宫
。
We visited the Forbidden City last year.
25
Wǒ
我
gēn
跟
tāmen
他们
yīqǐ
一起
gōngzuò
工作
guò
过
。
——
wǒ
我
méi
没
gēn
跟
tāmen
他们
yīqǐ
一起
gōngzuò
工作
guò
过
。
I've worked with them. -- I haven't worked with them.
26
Zhāng
张
lǎoshī
老师
gěi
给
wǒmen
我们
jiǎng
讲
guò
过
hànyǔ
汉语
kè
课
。
——
zhāng
张
lǎoshī
老师
méi
没
gěi
给
wǒmen
我们
jiǎng
讲
guò
过
hànyǔ
汉语
kè
课
。
Teacher Zhang has taught us Chinese. -- Teacher Zhang hasn't taught us Chinese.
Mistake
Features of the adverbial adjunct in a sentence using the aspectual particle 过.
1. The time referred to by the adverbial adjunct must be definite.
1) 早上我在操场跑过步。(OK) 我常常在操场跑过步。(NOK)
2) 去年我们参观过故宫。(OK) 有一天我们参观过故宫。(NOK)
2. The negative adverb 没(有) is normally placed before the prepositional phrase if there is one in a negative sentence used as an adverbial adjunct.
1) 我没跟他们一起工作过。(OK) 我跟他们一起没工作过。(NOK)
2) 张老师没给我们讲过汉语课。(OK) 张老师给我们没讲过汉语课。(NOK)
Teaching Skill
V+过←→没+V+过
教师课前准备烤鸭、饺子、中国白酒(茅台/五粮液)、长城的图片。
师说：(出示图P1) 这是什么？好吃吗？
生说：烤鸭。好吃/不好吃。
师说：你吃过?
生说：我吃过火烤鸭。
师说：很好，中国的饺子，你吃过吗?
生说：中国的饺子我也吃过。
师说：中国的白酒，五粮液、白酒喝过吗?
生说：没喝过。我喝过青岛啤酒。
师说：好，V过的否定：说没V过。
你去过古北水镇吗？/长城/ 十渡吗?
生说：我都没去过。
PS: 有的学生会问 V+了/ V+过有什么区别
举下面例子即可.
他去了美国(现在在美国)
他去过美国 (现在在哪儿不知道。可能中国可能韩围。“过”是他的经历)
板书：助词：过（表示过去的经历）
V+过←→没+V＋过
吃 过 没 吃 过
喝 过 没 喝 过
去 过 没 去 过
来 过 没 来 过
（疑问）S + V过 + O吗？
（1）我吃过烤鸭。
（2）我没喝过中国白酒。
（3）我去过长城。
（4）我没去过十渡。