We call it 单押 in Chinese,which means that sentences have the same or similar vowels between sentences. The end of each sentence has the same vowel. It's a type of rhyme scheme,not a type of music though. You can find it in many types of music.
Here's some other examples:
- 东风破 (by Jay Chou),
- 一路向北 (by Jay Chou),
- 禅舞不二 (by Wilber Pan).