HSK 3
Correct
跟 vs 对 vs 向
/ gēn vs duì vs xiàng /
Strokes
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Formula
1
A跟B做什么 = A和B做什么
2
A跟B—样/差不多 = A和B—样/差不多
3
A跟B相比 = A和B相比
4
A跟B有关系 = A和B有关系
5
A对B怎么样
6
对A来说，……怎么样
7
对……感兴趣
Definition
As prepositions 跟, 向 and 对 all can indicate the object of an action
The three propositions are interchangeable if the following verb expresses a concrete action that is related to body movements.
such as 笑, 摆手, 打招呼, 点头, 说, etc.
The common formula is Subject + 跟/对/向 + object + Verb
eg, 玛丽跟/对/向她笑了笑。
Example
跟
跟 is equivalent to 和 and more often used in spoken Chinese.
A跟B做什么 = A和B做什么
A跟B—样/差不多 = A和B—样/差不多
A跟B相比 = A和B相比
A跟B有关系 = A和B有关系
1
Dàwèi
大卫
gēn
跟
mǎlì
玛丽
zài
在
dá
打
wǎngqiú
网球
。
David and Mary are playing tennis.
2
Wǒ
我
de
的
chènshān
衬衫
gēn
跟
tā
他
de
的
chènshān
衬衫
yīyàng
一样
。
My shirt is the same with his shirt.
3
Gēn
跟
dìdi
弟弟
bǐ
比
,
wǒ
我
gāoyīdiǎnr
高一点儿
。
Compared with younger brother, I'm a little taller.
4
Zhè
这
běn
本
shū
书
gēn
跟
zhōngguó
中国
lìshǐ
历史
yǒu
有
guānjì
关系
。
This book is related to Chinese history.
对
(1) 对 refers to the treating relationship between persons or between persons and things
(2) It is used to express the perspective from which issues are looked at
(3) It is often used in fix patterns
(2) It is used to express the perspective from which issues are looked at
(3) It is often used in fix patterns
A对B怎么样
对A来说，……怎么样
对……感兴趣
5
Zhège
这个
zhōngguó
中国
xuésheng
学生
duì
对
liúxuéshēng
留学生
hěn
很
yǒuhǎo
友好
。
This Chinese student is friendly to overseas students.
6
Duì
对
dàwèi
大卫
láishuō
来说
,
zhège
这个
cài
菜
hěn
很
hǎochī
好吃
。
Dànshì
但是
,
duì
对
mǎlì
玛丽
láishuō
来说
,
bù
不
tài
太
hǎochī
好吃
。
This dish is delicious for David, but it's not delicious for Mary.
7
Dàwèi
大卫
duì
对
tàijíquán
太极拳
gǎn
感
xìngqù
兴趣
。
David is interested in shadowboxing.
向 can indicate directions.
Which Verb follows 跟, 向 or 对 and what the verb means have much to do with the denotation of the preposition.
(1) 跟 denotes "following or together with".
Therefore it is appropriate to say 跟他打太极拳，跟他商量, where 向 or 对 cannot be used.
(2) 向 denotes "a direction or tendency".
Therefore it is appropriate to say 向他学习, where 对 cannot be used. If 跟is used in this phrase, 跟他学习 means following him to learn.
(3) 对 indicates "in view of or with regard to".
Therefore it is appropriate to say 对他进行调查, where the subject under investigation is 他 and 跟 or 向 cannot be used.
(1) 跟 denotes "following or together with".
Therefore it is appropriate to say 跟他打太极拳，跟他商量, where 向 or 对 cannot be used.
(2) 向 denotes "a direction or tendency".
Therefore it is appropriate to say 向他学习, where 对 cannot be used. If 跟is used in this phrase, 跟他学习 means following him to learn.
(3) 对 indicates "in view of or with regard to".
Therefore it is appropriate to say 对他进行调查, where the subject under investigation is 他 and 跟 or 向 cannot be used.
8
Xiàng
向
tā
他
xuéxí
学习
learn from him
9
Xiàng
向
zuǒzhuǎn
左转
Turn to left
Exercise
Judge true or false
1. 对日本学生来说，汉字不太难。
2. 我最近在向安妮一起练习打网球。
3. 我对姐姐的生活习惯差不多。
4. 他跟我帮助太大了，我不知道怎么感谢他。
5. 我一直对中国文化很感兴趣。
6. 他的学习方法很好，我们应该向他学习。
7. 这件事跟我没关系。